Ecuador

The president (head of state) is directly elected for a 4-year term.

The presidential election is held in a modified two-round system, (the first round) concurrently with the legislative election. In the first round, two candidates are chosen to proceed to the runoff via single-choice voting, unless exactly one candidate has obtained 40% plurality of the votes and has a lead over the second-place candidate that is at least 10% of all valid votes. An absolute majority (more than half of the votes, 50%+) is therefore not required for a first-round victory. In the second round, one candidate wins by a simple majority (excluding ties).

A president can be re-elected once (whether consecutively or not), so a person can be president for a maximum of 2 terms, i.e. 8 years. 

The 151-member unicameral legislature is directly elected in a closed-list regional and national proportional representation system, by default every 4 years.

The representatives are elected in 7 multi-member districts. The simple quota (Hare quota) and largest remainders method are used for the distribution of seats, which ensures a high degree of proportionality. There is no legal electoral threshold.

116 representatives are elected in multi-member districts (2-6-seats per districts), 15 are elected from a single national constituency (for which voters may not vote separately and is not distributed in a compensatory manner, but simply according to the national vote share). 6 representatives are elected in 3 two-seat overseas constituencies (one for Latin America, one for Canada and the United States, and one for the rest of the world). The Sainte-Lague method is used for the distribution of seats. There is no legal electoral threshold.

A representative can only be re-elected once (whether consecutively or not), so a person can be a representative for a maximum of 2 terms in total, i.e. 8 years.

Previously, Ecuador used an free list system (a type of vote pooling, open list), in which voters could divide their votes among multiple lists, and the previous system used the D'Hondt method, which heavily favored larger parties due to the small districts. Closed lists now also have a gender quota (zipper principle). 

This is the description of the electoral system of Ecuador as of 03.08.2026 on Electoral Knowledgebase. Sources and further information on this topic:

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