Colombia

The president (head of state) is directly elected for a 4-year term (shifted in time from the legislative term) in a two-round system. The first round is held via a single-choice vote and the two candidates with the most votes advance to the second round if no one receives a majority (more than half of the valid votes, 50%+) in the first round.

One can be president for only one term, no re-election is allowed.

The legislature is bicameral, with both chambers elected concurrently every 4 years and are fully renewed (there are no staggered terms). Parties can opt to use closed or open lists.

House of Representatives

182 seats of the 183-member lower house (House of Representatives) are elected directly by a regional party-list proportional representation system.

Representatives are elected in 33 multi-member districts, which correspond to administrative areas. Moreover, there are two 2+1 reserved minority seats and one seat for voters aborad. The simple quota (Hare quota) and largest remainders method are used for the distribution of seats, which ensures a high degree of proportionality. There is no national legal electoral threshold.

Senate

102 seats of the 103-member upper house (Senate) are elected directly by a national party-list proportional representation system.

The simple quota (Hare quota) and largest remainders method are used for the distribution of 100 seats in the national constituency, plus there are 2 reserved indigenous seats. The national legal electoral threshold is 3%.

This is the description of the electoral system of Colombia as of 07.06.2026 on Electoral Knowledgebase. Sources and further information on this topic:

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